Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common yet often overlooked condition where one or more of the tiny parathyroid glands in the neck produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This causes high calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia), which, left untreated, can lead to serious health issues.

The parathyroid glands regulate calcium, a crucial mineral for bones, muscles, and nerves. In PHPT, these glands go into overdrive, often due to a benign tumor (adenoma), which accounts for 80-85% of cases. Less common causes include hyperplasia (enlargement of multiple glands) or, rarely, parathyroid cancer.

Many people with PHPT have no symptoms and discover it through routine blood tests. When symptoms do occur, they range from subtle fatigue and memory issues to more serious problems like osteoporosis, kidney stones, and depression. High calcium levels can also cause muscle weakness, nausea, and frequent urination.

Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated calcium and PTH levels, along with ruling out other causes like medications or genetic conditions. Imaging scans can help locate the affected gland but are not essential for diagnosis.

The most effective treatment is surgery to remove the overactive gland(s), which often cures the condition. Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients, those under 50, or anyone with complications like weakened bones or kidney stones. For those unable to undergo surgery, careful monitoring and medication can help manage the condition.

At Chia Endocrinology & Wellness, Dr. Farhad Hasan provides expert care for patients with hyperparathyroidism. With years of experience in diagnosing and managing complex endocrine conditions, Dr. Hasan uses a patient-centered approach to develop individualized care plans. He collaborates closely with surgeons when surgery is required and offers ongoing monitoring and management for patients who are not surgical candidates.

While PHPT might seem harmless in its early stages, its long-term effects can be serious. Early diagnosis and treatment not only prevent complications but also improve overall quality of life. If a routine blood test reveals high calcium, ask your doctor about PHPT—it’s a small gland with a big impact on your health.