Pituitary Adenoma (Tumor)

Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors or growths in the pituitary gland that can significantly impact a person's health. These tumors come in two types: functioning, which release excess hormones, and nonfunctioning, which do not affect hormone production. They can vary in size, with smaller ones known as microadenomas and larger ones classified as macroadenomas. Though common, affecting about 1 in 1000 people, they often go undetected until symptoms become evident.

Types and Symptoms: What to Watch For

Functioning pituitary adenomas are defined by the hormones they overproduce. The most frequent type, prolactinomas, can cause unexpected breast milk production or menstrual changes. Growth hormone-secreting adenomas may lead to acromegaly, a condition marked by enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Cortisol-producing tumors can result in Cushing’s disease, causing weight gain, high blood pressure, and other health issues.

Nonfunctioning adenomas, on the other hand, don't disrupt hormones but can create pressure within the brain, leading to headaches or vision problems. These symptoms often prompt patients to seek medical help, as the tumor can press against the vision nerves or reduce the gland’s overall function.

Diagnosis and Treatment: A Team Effort

Detecting a pituitary adenoma starts with hormone tests and imaging, typically an MRI. If the tumor is pushing on the optic nerves, vision tests are also necessary. Treatment depends on the type of adenoma. Prolactinomas usually respond well to medication, while other types often require surgery through the nasal cavity—a less invasive approach called transsphenoidal surgery. If the tumor is not fully removed or returns, medication or radiation may be used as additional measures.

Adjusting to Life After Diagnosis

Managing a pituitary adenoma doesn’t stop with treatment. Patients need regular follow-ups to monitor hormone levels, check for any tumor regrowth, and address lingering symptoms. Medication adherence is crucial for those on hormone therapy, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle, with a healthy diet and regular exercise, can support overall well-being. Recognizing symptoms of hormone imbalances or vision changes is also essential for timely care.

Role of Endocrinologists

An endocrinologist, like Dr. Farhad Hasan, plays a key role in managing pituitary adenomas. Dr. Hasan starts with a comprehensive evaluation to diagnose the type of adenoma and works with neurosurgeons to plan the best treatment approach. He provides ongoing care, monitoring hormone levels, guiding patients through lifestyle adjustments, and addressing concerns about symptoms or side effects.